Language Articles

SAT Exam
http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/news/bristol-news/can-you-pass-year-six-52615


The Guardian- Pity our children
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/may/10/bad-grammar-gove-english-killing-children-love-language-adverbials-digraphs


Bedmo
http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/news/bedmo-backlash-bedminsters-nickname-traditional-53751

Michael Rosen

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08g5533


http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08ffvp6

Exam plan and paragraphs

Intro

• Statement is important but one might argue not the 'most'
• Joey 3yrs 5months- likely to be p.t (post telegraphic)
• Adult caregiver male- not dad so likely to be relative- Joey's home
• Playing- potentially close relationship 

I think that this statement is definitely important but I would argue that it isn't the 'most.' This transcripts shows a conversation between Joey and his caregiver. Joey is 3yrs and 5 months old. This suggests that he is in the post-telegraphic stage in regards to his language. It is clear that Joey's caregiver is a male. However, it is not his dad but it is likely that he is a relative as they are playing in Joey's house. This suggests that they have a potentially close relationship.

Para 1

• The specific way in which caregivers talk to children is described as child directed speech
• 'Prawns/crawns'- semantically knows what a prawn is but phonologically he says crawns
• 'Do I?'- tag questions 
• 5 second pause- mention elongated pause
• 'It breaks'- adult repeats what jokey says to encourage joey to explain what he means

The specific way in which caregivers talk to children is described as child directed speech. There are examples of this throughout the transcript. 'Do I?' Is an example of the use of a tag question. The tag question is used to reinforce Joey's language and guide him to communicate with the adult. Another example of CDS is 'it breaks.' This is the use of repetition as the adult is repeating what Joey says to encourage Joey to explain what he means.

Para 2

• Skinner- operant conditioning theory 
• Role play
• Bruner L.A.S.S (language acquisition support system)
• Process over content 
• 'Saucy pan'- humour
• 'Flop,flop,flop,flip'- verb- semantic field of cookery pancakes frying pan 
• 'Don't touch um, don't break them'- referring to his dads book imperative- feature of dads CDS

The secret life of 4 year olds: Episode 1

http://www.channel4.com/programmes/the-secret-life-of-4-5-and-6-year-olds/on-demand/61827-001
• 'Here it is', 'Our playground'- 3mins 40s

Determiners

• 'Tia is quite over-powering'- 10mins 34s

If it was a boy would things be different- negative connotations

• 'Let me talk to you this instant'- 11mins 40s

Reinforcement copying what parents have said at home

• 'I telled him'- 12mins 50s

Regular simple past on an irregular verb
She's made a virtuous error but suggests intelligence
Chomsky- L.A.D

• 'Play with me'- 17m

Imperative

Steven Pinker- Linguistics as a window to understanding the brain

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-B_ONJIEcE

Horizon- who do we talk?

• Talking is a unique ability that defines us as humans
• We are the only ones on the planet that can talk
• Expressing thought processes
• Children learn to speak with minimal effort
• Despite decades of research, how we learn to talk is a mystery
• Is it something we are born with or what we learn
• Dr Deb Roy turned his home into a laboratory and captured his sons language from the day he was born until the age of three
• The parent simplifies language to match the child's language but when the child develops, the parents language becomes more complex

http://ed.ted.com/lessons/deb-roy-the-birth-of-a-word
MIT researcher Deb Roy wanted to understand how his infant son learned language -- so he wired up his house with video cameras to catch every moment (with exceptions) of his son's life, then parsed 90,000 hours of home video to watch "gaaaa" slowly turn into "water." This astonishing, data-rich research has deep implications for how we learn.

• Dr Cathy Price work and research is highlighting that there are key parts of the brain linked with language
• Speech therapy- working with people, who had strokes
• The innate ability for language- we are born, able to pick up language- born with the ability to speak
• Noam Chomsky- language is innate and we all have L.A.D (Language acquisition device0
• We have the blueprint for language but need to be exposed to it early on
• Fx P2 part of DNA- supports Chomsky's theory that language is innate

Child Language Acquisition

• They see it more than hear it
• Need eye contact to communicate
• NVC (non-verbal communication) as the main source of communication
• Intonation- sound of words, rhythm, stress
• Lip reading
• At around 18 months, a child learns about 10 words a day
• Deaf children exposed to sign language show the same stages of language acquisition, as do hearing children exposed to spoken languages
• If a person develops his/her language after puberty he/she will never be able to fully acquire language
• Children at the age of 18 months will have a productive vocabulary of around 50 words
• A child can understand more words than he/she can speak
• If you can expose a baby to two languages at the sane time, he/she will learn both